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KMID : 1138720190450030083
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Korean Public Health Research
2019 Volume.45 No. 3 p.83 ~ p.89
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Effects of Fine Dusts, HRD and GINI on Mortality
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Lee Won-Jae
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Abstract
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Purpose: Pollution of ambient air is a threat to the health of the people. About 4.2 million people are dead by the air pollution each year. About 97% of the people in the middle and low income countries compared with 49% of the people in the high income countries live in the polluted air over the criteria by WHO. Recently, fine dust is a threat on health of the Koreans. The current paper tried to find how much fine dusts, such as PM10 and PM2.5 contribute to the mortality of the people. Inequality of income and HDI is known to influence on health of the people. It attempted to find which is the stronger effect on the mortality among air pollution, PM10 and PM2.5, and socioeconomic factors, HDI and GINI.
Methods: It used data of PM10 and PM2.5 of the cities, however it used data of GDP per capita, HDI, and GINI of the country because we can access those indices only of the country data.
Hierarchical multiple regression models were fitted to find the contribution of PM10 and PM2.5 on the mortality. To control the confounding effects of the GDP per capita, HDI, and GINI, those variables were put in the model hierarchically one by one. PM10 and PM2.5 showed multicollinearity. Controlling with GDP per capita is important because rich people can escape from air pollution and can care their health better than the poor. Model with HDI can control the effects of length of life, average education period, and per capita GNI. With GINI the model controlled the effect by the disparity by income of the people.
Results: The results of the final model showed that HDI showed significant negative coefficient and GINI showed significant positive coefficient on mortality. Coefficients of PM10 turned into significant negative coefficient when controlled with HDI and GINI. The results implied health education in addition to the increase of general education and income and decrease of disparity of income are important to reduce the mortality by PM10 and PM2.5.
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KEYWORD
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PM10 , PM2.5, HDI, GINI, Mortality
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